As the name indicates, mechanics is considered as the mechanical engineering crux. This field emerged at Aristotle’s time and the concepts that were given by Aristotle have been demonstrated as wrong, for instance, the idea that Aristotle gave that the force only keeps the body in motion. The lot of contribution in the third century BC was given by Archimedes and he developed many machines for the easiness of human beings. The most famous principle created by Archimedes is included in the teaching syllabus of schools. The major work in this field started to take place since the Galileo time. The engineers significantly make the use of principles expressed by Newton and Galileo. After this, there came a major revolution in mechanical methods depends upon the materials’ strength, plasticity, and formulation of energy. The theory of relativity established by Einstein holds the major importance and he proved that the laws of newton show invalidity in most situations but holds good in everyday applications. in this blog, we are going to discuss the introduction of the and history of the Mechanics.
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Introduction and History of Mechanics
Mechanics basically deals with the bodies that are either subject to rest or motion. This field swells into several subject areas but the study at the initial level divides into two area statics and dynamics. The bodies that are at rest state cover in the statics field while the bodies that are in a state of motion cover in the dynamics field. So the statics can be deliberated as one of the most vital cases of dynamics where there is no acceleration. In engineering, statics receive more attention than the dynamics so statics earn some superior treatment than that of dynamics.
Scope and History of the Mechanics:
Mechanical engineering is the most fascinating branch among the other engineering branches. Mechanics is the core part of and serves the basis for subjects like thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, fluid mechanics, etc. The responsibility of the mechanical engineers is to design, operate and installation for the mechanical systems and can serve in various industries. Mechanical engineers hold a bright future as every industry require mechanical engineers for the development and success, for instance, in the industry of electronics the design for equipment of medical to automobiles develop with designs created by mechanical engineers as the design should indicate the stress condition under different situations at various loadings.
Theory of the Mechanics:
There are two different categories of quantities in mechanics that are scaler and vector and understanding the difference between these two quantities is necessary to understand the field of mechanics.
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Scaler quantities of the Mechanics:
These are only those quantities that have the only magnitude but not any direction, for example, the quantities weight, mass, and density consider in this type but these types of quantities do not provide any information about the direction.
Vector quantities in Mechanics:
These quantities tell us about the magnitude as well as direction. The letters that represent vectors should be highlighted with bold style so that they look different than that of scalers. The arrow represents the vector whose length shows the quantity magnitude while the arrowhead tells about the vector direction.
Fundamental Quantities:
Mass value in Mechanics
The object’s size can be measured with a mass that tells about the matter amount which develops in the body and the unit for measurement for mass is Kg and mass is a type of a scaler quantity. When we study the Mechanics we must need to study first the Introduction and History of Mechanics
Time Value’s in Mechanics
The events sequence measures in terms of time and it belongs to a scalar quantity. This quantity is dealt with in dynamics and not in statics.
Density in Mechanics
Density is the ratio of mass with volume. Density has a direct correlation with mass but the inverse correlation with volume that tells the body which has more mass and less volume occupy more density and vice versa. Density belongs to the type of scaler quantity.
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Length in Mechanics
Length gives the point position and designates about the system size, after this other geometric property including distance will also be defined as the length multiples, and length is also considered as a type of scaler quantities.
Speed in Mechanics
The body movement measures in terms of speed and can be defined as the distance traveled per unit time and speed is also termed as a scalar quantity.
Forces in Mechanic
The body motion as well the system motion changes by the force that apply to body and system. The body moves from the rest position when the force starts to act upon it. There is the necessity of magnitude, direction, as well as point of application of the force and force, belongs to a vector quantity.
Role of Displacement in Mechanics
The distance measured in a specific direction and this quantity also belongs to a category of a vector quantity.
Role Of velocity in Mechanics
Velocity is termed as the ratio of displacement over time and it’s a vector quantity.
Role of Acceleration:
The velocity change that occurs with time is known as the acceleration. The bodies that move with the constant velocity have zero acceleration and it is a vector quantity.
Momentum in Mechanics
When the mass of object multiplies by the velocity then the quantity which we obtain is referred to as the momentum and takes the important place in the field of mechanics. It ascends in that type of problem that has collisions involve in them and it’s a vector quantity.
Idealizations in Mechanics
The situations that arise in our daily life are considered in the mechanics along with the prediction of what will occur after applying the concepts of mechanics. The complications occur when we try to deal with the problems of real-life so there should be some idealizations that must be taken into the account for the simplification of problems, so the most common type of idealization that we use in mechanics for the sake of complicity are:
Connected Particles:
Particles are such type of bodies that behave as the point mass in a given situation, thus the connected particles are such type of particles that happen in those categories of problems where there is an attachment of two objects and these objects show the particle nature, for instance, masses that goes over the pulley attach with the strings are termed as the connected particles.
Rigid Bodies:
The particles in the rigid bodies remain at the same position after and before acting a force and there is not an occurrence of stretching as well as bending by applying a force. The brick can be deliberated as a good example of the rigid body as particles remain fixed at their place. Therefore many objects can be considered as rigid bodies.
Subdisciplines of Mechanics:
The subdisciplines that fall in the class of mechanics are:
- Classical mechanics.
- Quantum mechanics
Classical Mechanics:
The terms that lead to the formation of classical mechanics are:
Newtonian Mechanics:
The theory based on the dynamics and the kinematics are considered as Newtonian mechanics.
Analytical Mechanics:
Newtonian mechanics basically reformulated in this mechanics but the accentuate is more on the energy rather than forces. Further two categories of analytical mechanics are:
Hamiltonian Mechanics:
It consists of the energy conservation principle.
Lagrangian Mechanics:
The least action theory forms the basis of Lagrangian mechanics.
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Classical Statistical Mechanics:
The properties of thermodynamics derive from the basic properties at an unknown state are termed, classical statistical mechanics.
Celestial Mechanics:
The bodies’ motion in stars, planets, and galaxies are the celestial mechanics.
Astrodynamics:
This field of classical mechanics involves navigation of spacecraft etc.
Statics:
Statics deals with the bodies that are in the rest position.
Fluid mechanics:
The fluids motion study is cover in this field.
Soil mechanics:
In this field, the study about the behavior of soils conducts mechanically.
Continuum Mechanics:
The analysis of the mechanics of solid as well as liquids discussed in this class of classical mechanics.
Hydraulic Machines:
This field tells about the liquid mechanical properties.
Fluid Statics:
Fluid statics deals with the bodies at equilibrium.
Biophysics:
The processes that occur in the living organisms can be study physically in Biophysics.
Quantum Mechanics:
The following fields that include in the quantum mechanics are:
Schrodinger Wave Mechanics:
This Mechanics provides the wavefunction actions of a singular particle.
Matrix Mechanics:
This mechanics basically involves the systems that are at the state of finite-dimensional space.
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Quantum Statistical Mechanics:
This basically is the further explanation of the basic quantum mechanics that involves the systems which are at the unknown state and the properties at thermodynamics drive in this mechanics.
Particle Mechanics:
The particle’s reactions, structure along with motion are discussing terms in this mechanics.
Nuclear Mechanics:
The nuclei reactions, motion as well as the structure are the discussing terms in this mechanics.
Condensed Matter Physics:
The study about the liquid, gases along with solids conduct in this physics.
References:
- Armytage, W. H. G. (1961). A social history of engineering. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
- http://www.mash.dept.shef.ac.uk/Resources/web-mech1-1intromechanics.pdf
- http://iec.edu.in/blog/scope-of-mechanical-engineering/
Written By: Ch Talha Shahid Email; chtalha928@gmail.com
